Empty schools and Silencios: pedagogical openings for memory-making in Colombia

This paper draws from Silencios – a photography series by the Colombian artist Juan Manuel Echavarría. Silencios comprises more than 120 portrayals of abandoned schools due to armed conflict in Los Montes de María, Colombia. Sharing Echeverría’s belief that ‘these chalkboards have lessons to tell us about war’, the author of this paper advocates for the pedagogical use of Silencios to promote and support memory works in Colombia. The present analysis acknowledges that hegemonic memories and narratives have a negative impact on conflict-affected societies due to their authoritarian and oppressive character.

Therefore, the pedagogical use of Silencios seeks to ignite multiple narratives and counterhegemonic memories that might emerge as the public interacts with the photography. The visuals, in this sense, become an educational opportunity to stimulate reflection and resistance against the monopoly of the past in a country that is currently emerging from conflict. In this paper, the abandoned schools are considered as memory sites, and as renewed learning spaces to stimulate reflections and debates upon the armed conflict. Silencios can contribute to peacebuilding efforts by bringing up the possibility to reconsider essentialist conceptions of peace, memory, and pedagogy, that might hinder potential venues for enduring peace in Colombia.     

Peace Pedagogy and Interpretative Frameworks of Distrust: State–Society Relations in the Colombian Peace Process

The Havana Peace Accords of 2016 sought to end five decades of internal conflict in Colombia. As well as disarming the FARC, they promise to bring state institutions to abandoned regions and enable citizen participation. However, there is an obstacle to this which has consistently been overlooked by Juan Manuel Santos' government: a chronic distrust in the state dating back to colonialism. This article draws on ethnographic research with the Colombian government's ‘peace pedagogy’ team, tasked innovatively with educating citizens about the Havana Accords and incorporating them in the co-production of peace. It shows that citizens' learning about state policies, and reception of state efforts to shape that learning, are filtered through pre-existing perceptions of the state: in Colombia, interpretative frameworks of distrust. This ethnography illuminates state–society relations in the Colombian peace process, offering implications for ongoing implementation of the Accords, and posing questions for other countries in transition, arguing that historically-constituted perceptions of the state should be taken into account when communicating government policies to society.     

文明学论纲--全球化时代文明反思的学理呼唤

在全球化的语境下，明的冲突与和解、转型与重建，已成为当代人类社会发展深层次的无法回避的时代课题。因此，更需要建立综合性、反思性、前瞻性的明学来审视明的内在本质，统观明的历史演进，评判明的人性价值，引导明的发展方向。明学正是全球化时代人类把握明命运的学理呼唤。     

人类学背景下的语言和言语研究--论语言人类学的研究视野

语言人类学的学科定义以及语言实践、言语行为、指引性和参与性等理论方法的研究视野加深了我们对语言的理解。把语言视作一种交际工具、一种思维模式、一种文化实践 ,即一种行为形式的语言观 ,使得这门边缘学科能够创造性地继续影响它所吸收养分的人文社会学科 ,同时对我们理解语言对于人类的意义有其独特的贡献。语言人类学是人类学背景下的语言和言语研究 ,是把语言作为文化源和言语作为文化实践的研究 ,是语言学的一种人类学阐释。     

Post-war Kosovo landscapes in Pristina: discrepancies between language policy and urban reality

This paper focuses on the complex nature of post-war multilingual landscapes in Pristina, the capital of Kosovo, as shaped by the country’s political shift after independence in 2008. We aim to contribute to this sociolinguistically underexplored territory through an examination of the relative predominance and visibility of the capital’s most dominant languages: Albanian, Serbian, and English. Our central aim is to empirically problematize the shared co-officialdom of the Albanian and Serb languages, as put forward in the “Ahtisaari Plan” in 2007 and subsequently adopted in the State Constitution in 2008 and Language Laws in 2006 and 2008. We posit that the multilingual language policies which paint an inclusive, multi-ethnic picture of Pristina do not coincide with its monolingual Albanian reality. In addition to these empirical findings, our second aim is to contribute to the theorization of authorship in the public sphere. With reference to the Pristina context, we problematize the analytical categorization conventionally made between top-down and bottom-up agency and distinguish a third category of semi-official authorship. This third category enables us to examine the dynamic nature of the discrepancy between Kosovo’s language policy and Pristina’s urban linguistic reality in more detail.     

公诉案件刑事和解的司法处置与检察监督

2012年修订后的刑事诉讼法将刑事和解制度正式纳入规范条款内,在一定程度上改变了刑事和解无法可依的局面。文章认为其所规定的适用范围仍有拓展空间,检察机关在刑事和解程序中对检察职权的运用尚需规范和完善。文章结合刑诉法的有关规定及检察机关的职权对刑事和解适用范围及依检察职权进行的司法处置进行了探讨。     

论侦查讯问中的环境因素

侦查讯问是侦查员与犯罪嫌疑人在特定的环境中以面对面的方式进行的一种特殊的侦查措施,其目的在于获取犯罪嫌疑人的言词证据和线索。特定的环境和面对面的方式是侦查讯问的突出特点。单从环境因素的角度,其可分解为时空环境因素、人际环境因素和语言环境因素。不同的环境因素会对侦查讯问产生不同的影响。     

刑事和解之中国路径

刑事和解作为一种独特的刑事纠纷解决机制,对保护涉案双方权益,促进加害人回归社会,修复受损关系,增进社会和谐具有极其重要的意义,修正后的《刑事诉讼法》分三个条文对刑事和解作出原则规定。要准确把握具有中国特色的刑事和解制度,就必须结合中国现实,反思其观念分歧,探寻刑事和解的中国化路径。刑事和解在我国适用过程中存在着观念分歧以及实践"困境",只有把握好刑事和解的适用范围、条件以及阶段,并加强监督,才能更好地服务于以人为本及社会和谐的价值目标。     

我国医疗纠纷解决机制之重构

在未来医疗纠纷还会进一步大量增加的趋势下,重新审视我们以往解决医疗纠纷的途径是否有效及其局限所在显属必要。同时,根据医疗纠纷解决时须兼顾维系医患之间的和谐关系的特点和需求,妥善建构和选用医疗纠纷所适合的程序制度和程序法理,使我国医疗纠纷解决机制多元化、合理化。     

索绪尔符号观再评价

语言符号的任意性是贯穿索绪尔语言符号学思想的一条重要原则.任意性理论的提出,并不纯粹是索绪尔本人对符号本质问题深刻反思的结果,而很大程度上得益于对其他许多非语言符号的比较.这是划分两类不同符号系统的一条重要标准.但是,索绪尔过分强调能指的形式侧面在符号结合体中的作用,相反对待号的能指侧面在物质质料构成上的特征,以及这些特征如何有助于区别开不同的符号体系这一问题,却注意不够.符号的解释主体对符号形态的认同,除了符号的所指功能外,实际上对符号的能指侧面的物质质料特征有着很大程度的偏重.这也是符号学的代码理论所要研究的重大问题.